© 2023 S&P Dow Jones Indices. All rights reserved. Redistribution or reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without written permission. S&P is a registered trademark of S&P Global, Inc.  (“S&P Global”) or its affiliates; DOW JONES is a registered trademark of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC (“Dow Jones”); and these trademarks have been licensed for use by S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC (“S&P DJI”). S&P DJI, S&P Global, Dow Jones and their respective affiliates (collectively, “S&P Dow Jones Indices”) and their third party licensors makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, as to the ability of any index to accurately represent the asset class or market sector that it purports to represent and S&P Dow Jones Indices and their third party licensors shall have no liability for any errors, omissions, or interruptions of any index or the data included therein. Past performance of an index is not an indication or guarantee of future results. Some of the information contained within this podcast or video may represent hypothetical historical performance. Back-tested performance reflects application of an index methodology and selection of index constituents with the benefit of hindsight and knowledge of factors that may have positively affected its performance, cannot account for all financial risk that may affect results and may be considered to reflect survivor/look ahead bias.  Actual returns may differ significantly from, and be lower than, back-tested returns.  Back-tested performance is for use with institutions only; not for use with retail investors.  Please see the Performance Disclosure at https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/disclaimers/for more information regarding the inherent limitations associated with back-tested and/or hypothetical performance.

Except for certain custom index calculation services, all information provided by S&P Dow Jones Indices is general in nature and not tailored to the needs of any person, entity or group of persons. S&P Dow Jones Indices receives compensation in connection with licensing its indices to third parties and providing custom calculation services. It is not possible to invest directly in an index. Exposure to an asset class represented by an index may be available through investable instruments offered by third parties that are based on that index. S&P Dow Jones Indices does not sponsor, endorse, sell, promote or manage any investment fund or other investment product or vehicle that seeks to provide an investment return based on the performance of any index. S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC is not an investment or tax advisor. S&P Dow Jones Indices makes no representation regarding the advisability of investing in any such investment fund or other investment product or vehicle. A tax advisor should be consulted to evaluate the impact of any tax-exempt securities on portfolios and the tax consequences of making any particular investment decision.

Credit-related information and other analyses, including ratings, are generally provided by licensors and/or affiliates of S&P Dow Jones Indices. Any credit-related information and other related analyses and statements are opinions as of the date they are expressed and are not statements of fact. S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC is analytically separate and independent from any other analytical department. S&P Global keeps certain activities of its various divisions and business units separate from each other in order to preserve the independence and objectivity of their respective activities. As a result, certain divisions and business units of S&P Global may have information that is not available to other business units. S&P Global has established policies and procedures to maintain the confidentiality of certain non-public information received in connection with each analytical process.